Bruxism: teeth grinding and jaw clenching

Teeth grinding and jaw clenching can happen while you are awake or asleep. Sometimes bruxism causes no problems. In other cases, it can contribute to tooth wear, jaw fatigue, facial pain, headaches or disturbed sleep.

What is bruxism?

Bruxism is repeated clenching, grinding or gnashing of the teeth. Awake bruxism usually involves clenching while concentrating, working or feeling tense. Sleep bruxism happens during sleep and may be noticed by a partner or dentist before you are aware of it yourself.

Common signs and symptoms

You may notice:

• worn, chipped or sensitive teeth

• tight, tired or painful jaw muscles

• facial pain or headaches

• discomfort around the ear

• disturbed sleep

Why does bruxism happen?

There is not always one clear cause. Awake bruxism can be related to stress, concentration or habit. Sleep bruxism may be associated with sleep problems such as snoring or sleep apnoea. Alcohol, caffeine, smoking and some medicines can also play a role. Because the causes differ, the most suitable approach also differs from person to person.

What can you do yourself?

• Visit your dentist regularly so that tooth wear or damage can be recognised early.

• Use reminders during the day to let your teeth rest apart and relax your jaw.

• Pay attention to sleep, recovery and factors that increase tension.

• Avoid chewing gum and very hard foods when your jaw is painful.

• Discuss medicines, sleep problems or persistent stress with the appropriate healthcare professional.

When should you seek advice?

Consult a dentist if you notice tooth damage or sensitivity, or if you regularly wake with jaw or facial pain. A dentist may advise a custom-made mouth guard or splint to protect the teeth. This protects against damage but does not necessarily stop the grinding itself.

Discuss loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep or marked daytime sleepiness with your GP or dentist. Seek medical or dental advice promptly if your jaw becomes locked, swollen or suddenly very painful.

Can osteopathy help with related jaw complaints?

Osteopathy cannot repair tooth damage and does not replace dental care. When bruxism is accompanied by jaw pain, muscle tension, restricted mouth opening, headaches or neck symptoms, manual assessment and treatment may be one part of a broader approach. Research into physical and manual therapies suggests that they may reduce pain and improve jaw function for some people, but the evidence is still limited and results vary.

At Amsterdam Osteo, Robert Kuizenga, Roy Vruggink and Félicie Crijns treat people with jaw complaints. We assess jaw movement, muscle tension and relevant areas of the neck and head. Where appropriate, we collaborate with dentists and other healthcare professionals. We explain what we find and what we can or cannot reasonably influence. A particular result cannot be guaranteed.

Read more about jaw pain and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) or about our approach to jaw osteopathy.

Make an appointment

Would you like to discuss whether osteopathic care may suit your jaw complaints? Make an appointment with Robert Kuizenga, Roy Vruggink or Félicie Crijns.